Safety mechanism against premature firing of guns



2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. ISAAC IRUSTA ATTORNEY.

l. IRUSTA Nov. 30, 1965 SAFETY MECHANISM AGAINST PREMATURE FIRING OF GUNS Filed Aug. 5, 1964 NOV. 30, 1965 1 lRUsTA 3,220,135

SAFETY MECHANISM AGAINST PREMATURE FIRING OF GUNS Filed Aug. 5, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 y l KO N- i N co \\`T FIG. 4.

FIG. 5.

INVENTOP. ISAAC IRUSTA AT TOR NEY.

United States Patent O 4 Claims. icl. itz- 70) The present invention relates to a safety mechanism against premature release of guns in general, and to a safety mechanism which locks automatically the breech bolt in its firing position, if the weapon is not used, and simultaneously prevents the percussion of a cartridge in particular, especially if the latter does not sit properly in the gun, whereby an undesired shooting caused by accidental movements of the gun is prevented and at the same time also the bursting of the cartridge due to premature percussion is prevented.

Until now, no satisfactory solution for this problem of the automatic locking of the breech bolt has been found. ln the known safety means, the effect to be obtained depends upon some retardation caused in the return movement of the breech bolt, by a possible failure of the ammunition or if the free play of the parts is prevented by the presence of dirt, dust or the like, Whereby the safety means of the breech bolt cannot be released timely, which causes the corresponding retardation danger or it does not perform its safety function, due to jamming of its members.

It is, therefore, one object of the present invention to provide a safety mechanism against premature release of guns, wherein the movements are forced by the mechanical operation of a tripping lever rod, and the aforementioned drawback is thus removed.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a safety mechanism against premature release of guns, which comprises substantially a doublearmed lever which is capable of swinging about an axle disposed intermediate its ends, and one arm of which is designed as a tooth, which is equipped with a spring. This has the tendency to enter into a locking recess of the gun receiver, when the breech bolt assumes its firing position, while the other arm operates as a counter-weight to the first arm and has a greater mass, to increase the entire mass of the double-armed lever, in order to prolong with greater safety the movement transmitted from the tripping lever rod.

The double-armed lever has a recess providing space for a rocker received in the recess, which rocker is mounted on the pivoting axle of the double-armed lever. Both parts are subjected to the effect of the tripping rod which forces them to rock, whereby the rocker transmits its movement to a firing pin. All the parts are disposed inside of the breech bolt and in particular in hollow spaces which permit their free play.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a safety mechanism against premature release of guns, wherein opposite the tripping rod, but outside of the breech bolt, is disposed an inertia safety rod or shaft in such manner that it displaces the tripping rod and then the breech bolt, which movement cocks the latter in order to initiate the firing operation.

With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE l is a schematic axial section of the mechanism in the position in which the breech bolt approaches the barrel, in order to initiate the firing;

3,220,135 Patented Nov. 30, 1965 ICC FIG. 2 is a section similar to that shown in FIG. 1, however, the breech bolt is shown in the firing position and the safety tooth in its locking position;

FIG. 3 is still an axial section similar to that shown in FIG. l, however, in the position in which the safety rod or shaft displaces the breech bolt, in order to cock it after the locking of the safety mechanism is released;

FIG. 4 is a section along the lines 4-4 of FIG. l;

FIG. 5 is a section along the lines 5-5 of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 6 is a section along the lines 6-6 of FIG. 3.

Referring now to the drawings, the safety mechanism comprises a breech bolt 1 which has pivotally mounted thereto a pin 2 carrying a double-armed safety lever 3 and a rocker 4 such that a tooth 21 of the safety lever 3, which is displaced by means of a spring 22 mounted in the lever 3, and a projecting member 5 are displaced, and which thus can enter a recess 23 of a receiver 6 0f the gun, in order to lock the breech bolt when it assumes its firing position.

The rocker 4 engages the safety lever 3 at faces 24. A firing pin 7 is provided in the breech bolt 1, which is equipped with a spring 9 and parallel thereto is disposed a tripping lever rod 8. The pin 7 and the rod 8 are arranged opposite respective arms 25 and 26 of the rocker 4. The rod 8 projects from the front face 27 of the breech bolt 1, and as soon as the latter abuts at the end of its forward movement, in order to close the housing 28 for a cartridge 29, towards the barrel 10 having an enlarged rear flange, fitting the inner diameter of the receiver 6, and abutting with the cartridge housing 28, a rod 8 is forced to move backwardly, though not completely, for a reason to be set forth below, and thereby causes a rocking movement of the rocker 4 as well as of the double-armed lever 3.

The rear flange of the barrel 10 has a set-off 30 at the point at which the rod 8 abuts, so that the rod 8 can project slightly thereinto. This set-off 30 is partly concealed only due to the operation of an inertia safety rod or shaft 11 adjacent the breech bolt, and serves the purpose to provide the necessary releasing movement for the safety mechanism when the gun is cocked. The inertia safety rod 11 passes through a bore of the barrel flange and co-operates with the rod 8 for actuation of the rocker 4. The rod 11 also takes part in the cocking of the breech bolt 1 (see FIG. 3). The conventional recoil spring and a guide therefore are disclosed in the drawing; however, these conventional elements do not require a detailed explanation.

When the breech bolt 1 moves away during its autoi matic displacement from the barrel 10, the firing pin 7 is held back by its spring 9 inside of the breech bolt 1 and thus cannot hit the cartridge 29 with its point. The force of the spring 9 of the firing pin 7 is transmitted to the rocker 4 and forces the rod 8 to extend beyond the front face of the breech bolt 1, so that exclusively upon hitting the set-off portion 30 of the barrel 10 and upon concealing sufficiently the cartridge 29 in its housing 28, does the rod 8 become effective and allows the firing pin 7 to hit the primer on the cartridge 29.

The rod 8 starts simultaneously the movement of the double-armed lever 3, whereby the latter continues its rocking movement due to its inertia and the locking tooth 21 remains concealed, even after the rocking caused by the rod 8, in order to produce thus a space in the receiver 6 between the locking tooth 21 and the locking recess 23, in order to retard the return into the safety position. so that the freedom of the return movement of the breech bolt l is assured, even if such movement takes place somewhat retarded.

If the breech bolt 1 is in its firing position, the doublearmed safety lever 3 locks its movement and the rod 3 8 is partly hidden in the end face of the barrel 10 facing the rod or shaft 11.

If now the shaft 11 is operated, it will force the rod 8 at first to be withdrawn into the breech bolt 1 completely, whereby the double-armed safety lever 3 releases its locking position and the breech bolt 1 can now be cocked, when the rod or shaft 11 is withdrawn.

While I have disclosed one embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that this embodiment is given by example only and not in a limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determined by the objects and the claims.

I claim: 1. A safety mechanism against premature percussions in the breech bolt of guns, comprising a receiver having a recess, a breech bolt axially movable in said receiver, a barrel mounted in said receiver in front of said breech bolt, a double-armed lever and a rocker pivotally secured to the rear end of said breech bolt for rocking about a common axis, one arm of said double-armed lever being received in said recess in the ring position of said breech bolt, thereby preventing the back travel of said breech bolt,

a tripping rod disposed in axial direction in and projecting beyond the front face of said breech bolt, freely moving therein and engaging at its rear end said rocker for rocking movement upon abutting the rear end of said barrel.

2. The safety mechanism, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein said one arm of said double-armed lever has a greater mass than that of the other arm, to prolong said rocking movement by its own inertia.

3. The safety mechanism, as set forth in claim 1, which includes a spring-biased firing pin axially movable in said breech bolt and operated by engagement with said rocker.

4. The safety mechanism, as set forth in claim 1, which includes a safety shaft axially movable in said barrel and adapted to abut said tripping rod to initiate its rearward movement in said breech bolt.

No references cited.

SAMUEL FEINBERG, Primary Examiner.

BENJAMIN A. BORCHELT, Examiner. 

1. SAFETY MECHANISM AGAINST PREMATURE PERCUSSIONS IN THE BREECH BOLT OF GUNS, COMPRISING A RECEIVER HAVING A RECESS, A BREECH BOLT AXIALLY MOVABLE IN SAID RECEIVER, A BARREL MOUNTED IN SAID RECEIVER N FRONT OF SAID BREECH BOLT, A DOUBLE-ARMED LEVER AND A ROCKER PIVOTALLY SECURED TO THE REAR END OF BREECH BOLT FOR ROCKING ABOUT A COMMON AXIS, ONE ARM OF SAID DOUBLE-ARMED LEVER BEING RECEIVED IN SAID RECESS IN THE FIRING POSITION OF SAID BREECH BOLT, THEREBY PREVENTING THE BACK TRAVEL OF SAID BREECH BOLT, A TRIPPING ROD DISPOSED IN AXIAL DIRECTION IN AND PROJECTING BEYOND THE FRONT FACE OF SAID BREECH BOLT, FREELY MOVING THEREIN AND ENGAGING AT ITS REAR END SAID ROCKER FOR ROCKING MOVEMENT UPON ABUTTING THE REAR END OF SAID BARREL. 